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A parliamentary election was held in Togo on October 14, 2007〔("L'Assemblée nationale dissoute, les législatives annoncées pour le 14 octobre" ), Xinhua (''Jeuneafrique.com''), August 31, 2007 .〕〔("Togo re-schedules legislative polls for 14 October" ), African Press Agency, August 31, 2007.〕 for the 81 seats in the National Assembly.〔("Agboyibo fin prêt pour les législatives" ), Republicoftogo.com, September 13, 2007 .〕 There were over 2,000 candidates, with 32 parties and 41 lists of independent candidates competing.〔("Une campagne blanc, rouge, jaune" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 1, 2007 .〕 The ruling Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) was victorious, winning a majority of 50 seats. The remaining seats were won by opposition parties: the Union of the Forces of Change (UFC) gained 27 seats and the Action Committee for Renewal (CAR) gained four seats.〔("Le RPT remporte les premières élections pluralistes" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 30, 2007 .〕 Seats were allotted based on party list proportional representation with a system of highest averages.〔("Comment sont décomptés les suffrages" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 14, 2007 .〕 This was the first parliamentary election since the beginning of multiparty politics in the early 1990s in which all major parties participated.〔("Jour de vote" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 14, 2007 .〕 ==Planning, organization, and candidacies== The 2007 election was the first parliamentary election to be held following the February 2005 death of long-time President Gnassingbé Eyadéma, who was succeeded by his son, Faure Gnassingbé. The election followed an agreement between parties in August 2006 and the appointment of a government incorporating the opposition and headed by an opposition leader, Yawovi Agboyibo, in September 2006.〔("Togo's polls will test ruling party and chances of foreign aid" ), EUbusiness.com, October 10, 2007.〕〔("Le Togo a voté en masse" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 15, 2007 .〕 The election was scheduled for June 24, 2007, but in May it was delayed to 5 August.〔("Togo postpones parliamentary polls to 5 August" ), African Press Agency, May 15, 2007.〕 On July 5, it was delayed again by the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI), although no new date was announced at that time.〔("Togolese electoral commission postpones legislative elections" ), Xinhua (''People's Daily Online''), July 7, 2007.〕〔("Togolese election watchdog postpones legislative polls again" ), African Press Agency, July 7, 2007.〕 This delay was caused by a delay in the holding of an electoral census, which was planned to be held from June 8 to July 9〔 but was rescheduled to run from July 16 to August 17.〔〔("Recensement électoral : De sérieux soucis pour la CENI" ), Republicoftogo.com, July 13, 2007 .〕 The census was scheduled to be conducted in one part of the country, called Zone A, from July 16 to July 29, and in another part, called Zone B, from August 4 to August 17; in the remaining part of the country, comprising Lomé and Golfe Prefecture, the census was scheduled to be conducted throughout the period.〔 The end date for the census in Zone A was subsequently extended to August 1,〔("Trois jours de plus pour le recensement" ), Republicoftogo.com, July 29, 2007 .〕 and the census in Zone B was delayed until August 6, with the end date being extended until August 19.〔("Zone B : début du recensement le 6 août" ), Republicoftogo.com, August 4, 2007 .〕 Veteran opposition leader Gilchrist Olympio of the Union of the Forces of Change (UFC) arrived in Togo on August 18 and registered to vote. He said that CENI's work was "not too bad given the means at its disposal" and that the census was "encouraging"; he also urged people to register.〔("Législatives au Togo : Gilchrist Olympio s'inscrit sur une liste électorale" ), AFP (''Jeuneafrique.com''), August 19, 2007 .〕 The 2007 election was the first parliamentary election in which the UFC had participated since the beginning of multiparty politics in the early 1990s.〔("Les candidats s'y collent !" ), Republicoftogo.com, September 30, 2007 .〕 On August 23, Revival and Redemption Party (PRR) leader Nicolas Lawson called on the people to vote, describing the election as a "decisive step forward" and saying that the country "must return to democratic principles, to survive and to develop". He was critical of independent candidates, who he said did not have political programs and would only increase confusion in a country that already had about 80 parties.〔("Législatives : le PRR appelle les électeurs à une participation massive" ), Xinhua (''Jeuneafrique.com''), August 23, 2007 .〕 Following the census, CENI spent one month, beginning on August 30, eliminating fraud from the electoral list by searching for voters who registered more than once through a computer system comparing fingerprints. Voters who registered more than once were given until August 30 to come forward about this so that the electoral list could be corrected; they were warned that they would face prosecution if they did not do so.〔("Detection of fraud in Togolese electoral census to take one month " ), Xinhua (''People's Daily Online''), August 23, 2007.〕 Following an agreement on conditions signed by the European Union and the Togolese government on August 3, election observers from the European Union were scheduled to arrive on 16 August and continue to observe all election events from that point on.〔("Togo, EU sign agreement on observation of legislative elections" ), Xinhua (''People's Daily Online''), August 4, 2007.〕 CENI said that over 800,000 voters had registered by August 2, halfway through the census.〔("Over 800,000 Togolese register for elections" ), Xinhua (''People's Daily Online''), August 4, 2007.〕 On August 30, it was announced that National Assembly was dissolved,〔 that the election would be held on October 14, and that campaigning would run from September 29 to October 12.〔〔 On the same day, the 162 candidates of the UFC (including their substitutes) were invested by Olympio at a UFC extraordinary congress in Nyékonakpoe, a district of Lomé.〔("Législatives: 162 militants en lice pour l'UFC" ), Xinhua (''Jeuneafrique.com''), August 30, 2007 .〕〔("L’UFC prête pour les législatives" ), Republicoftogo.com, August 31, 2007 .〕 The ruling Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) invested its 162 candidates (including substitutes) on September 7〔("Le RPT désigne 162 candidats dont 21 femmes pour les législatives" ), Xinhua (''Jeuneafrique.com''), September 7, 2007 .〕〔("Le RPT aligne 162 candidats" ), Republicoftogo.com, September 8, 2007 .〕 at the Palace of Congresses in Lomé. These candidates included Minister of Defense Kpatcha Gnassingbé, Minister of Social Affairs and the Protection of Women Memounatou Ibrahima, Minister of Labor, Employment and the Civil Service Katari Foli-Bazi, National Assembly President Abass Bonfoh, and National Assembly Vice-President Eric Kpadé.〔 The Socialist Pact for Renewal (PSR) invested its 130 candidates on September 8 in Atakpamé.〔("130 candidats pour le PSR" ), Republicoftogo.com, September 11, 2007 .〕 Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo's party, the Committee of Action for Renewal (CAR), invested its 162 candidates on September 12 in Lomé; its candidates included Agboyibo, the party's president, Gahoun Georges Hégbor, CAR's vice-president and also Minister of Communication, and Ouro-Bossi Tchacondoh, who was Deputy Minister in charge of Local Communities. On the same day, the Democratic Alliance for the Fatherland (the Alliance), led by Dahuku Péré, invested its 104 candidates in Notsé. Its candidates stood in 19 prefectures, as well as Lomé.〔 The Democratic Convention of the African People (CDPA), led by Minister of State for Mines and Energy Léopold Gnininvi, presented its 162 candidates on September 13 in Lomé; the candidates included Gnininvi, Minister of Higher Education and Research Messan Adimado Aduayom, and Deputy Minister of the Informal Sector Lydia Adanlété.〔("Pour Léopold Gnininvi, le processus électoral est « crédible »" ), Republicoftogo.com, September 14, 2007 .〕 Gnininvi praised CENI's "remarkable work" and said that the electoral census had ensured "a credible process".〔〔("Le dirigeant d'un parti d'opposition salue le climat d'apaisement" ), Xinhua (''Jeuneafrique.com''), September 14, 2007 .〕 EU observers began to deploy in Togo on September 18, beginning with 18 observers.〔("Les premiers observateurs européens se déploient" ), Republicoftogo.com, September 19, 2007 .〕 These 18 "long-term" observers were subsequently joined by 62 "short-term" observers who arrived on October 6, including the head of the observer mission, Fiona Hall.〔("Fiona Hall bien entourée" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 8, 2007 .〕 On October 11, six Members of the European Parliament—Valdis Dombrovskis, Patrick Gaubert, Horst Posdorf, Marie-Arlette Carlotti, Neena Gill, and Johan Van Hecke—also arrived to play a part in the observation mission.〔("Arrivée à Lomé des députés européens" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 11, 2007 .〕 European Union aid to Togo had been suspended since 1993, and the resumption of EU aid was said to depend on whether the 2007 election was deemed "free and transparent".〔 There were expected to be about 3,500 observers in total, both from Togo and abroad; aside from the EU, other organizations that intended to have observers in place included La Francophonie and the African Union.〔("Grandes manoeuvres" ), Republicoftogo.com, September 25, 2007 .〕 On 20 September, nine new members of the Constitutional Court were sworn in; this followed the appointment of a new head of the Court, Aboudou Assouma, by Gnassingbé on 17 September.〔("Togo's new constitutional court sworn in for coming parliamentary elections" ), Xinhua (''People's Daily Online''), September 21, 2007.〕 In CENI's review of the electoral census, about 7,000 doubled names were found. The local independent electoral commission (CELI) for Lomé was dissolved by CENI for failing to respect its instructions with regard to multiple registrations〔("La Céni impose des sanctions" ), Republicoftogo.com, September 24, 2007 .〕 on September 23. On September 29, a new Lomé CELI was installed by CENI President Tozim Potopéré.〔("Les recommandations de Tozim Potopéré" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 1, 2007.〕 The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) deployed a team of 140 observers, both military and civilian, on 2 October 2007.〔("ECOWAS moves to ensure security in Togolese polls" ), Xinhua (''People's Daily Online''), October 4, 2007.〕 In early October, a final total of 2,974,718 registered voters was announced by CENI. CENI also announced that there would be a total of 396 lists in the election, including those for both parties and independents.〔("Parlons chiffres" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 2, 2007 .〕 The High Authority for Audiovisuals and Communication conducted a draw on September 27 to determine the sequence of campaign airtime for political parties in the media. The Coordination of New Forces, a minor political party led by Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, won the right to speak first on TVT.〔("La CFN ouvre l'antenne" ), Republicoftogo.com, September 28, 2007 .〕 A point of dispute regarding the conduct of the election was whether ballot papers should be authenticated by being signed by two polling stations officials as a measure to prevent fraud. The UFC was in favor of this, but the RPT and the CAR were not.〔("Le code électoral, et rien que lui" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 9, 2007 .〕 On October 10, it was agreed to have the ballot papers stamped rather than signed.〔("Des électeurs timbrés" ), Republicoftogo.com, October 10, 2007 .〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Togolese parliamentary election, 2007」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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